homelab-codex-ws/services/home-assistant/DESIGN.md

# Home Assistant configs-as-code — design decisions

Status: **phase 1 (partial)**. `scripts/ha/deploy.sh` implements the write
path for the `api` adapter's automations/scripts/scenes scope (see "Deploy
path" and "Sync model" below); dashboards/helpers and the `docker-exec`
adapter have no write path yet. See `docs/backlog.md` for the tracking
entry.

## Phasing

| Phase | Scope |
|---|---|
| **0 — Snapshot** | Import-only tooling (this skeleton). Pull `/config` + `.storage` from each instance into the repo, read-only. No deploy, no write path back to HA. |
| **1 — Repo + CC** | Repo is the reviewable source of truth. Changes are authored in the repo (by a human or Claude Code) and pushed manually via the docker-exec / api adapters described below. Deploy has a hard drift-abort (see Sync model). **Partially built**: `scripts/ha/deploy.sh` covers the `api` adapter's automations/scripts/scenes scope; `docker-exec` deploy and dashboards/helpers writes are still open. |
| **2 — MCP read-only** | Expose HA state (entities, areas, config) to agents via an MCP server in read-only mode — either a self-hosted MCP or `hass-mcp` — to let agents reason about the live instance without touching import/deploy paths. Undecided which (see Open questions). |
| **3 — Agents** | Agents propose changes (automations, scripts, scenes) through the same reviewable repo path used by humans; the human-in-the-loop approval flow from `services/control-plane/` (pending → approved → executed) governs anything destructive. Telegram becomes a first-class interface alongside CC. |

Each phase is a hard gate: no phase-N tooling depends on phase-(N+1) existing.

## Scope

Full `/config` tree per instance, plus a curated export of `.storage/*` JSON
files that are meaningfully version-controllable (registries, dashboards,
helpers) — not secrets, tokens, or runtime databases. See `.gitignore` below
for the exact exclusion list.

## Canonical format

All YAML committed to the repo passes through one normalization function
(`scripts/ha/lib/normalize.py`), used by every import path with no
per-caller variation:

- block style (no flow/inline collections)
- fixed indent width 2
- keys sorted (stable diffs)
- unlimited line width (no wrapping)
- UTF-8, no BOM

`.storage/*` files are JSON on disk in HA; on import they are parsed as JSON
and re-emitted through the same YAML normalizer so the whole repo — config
and storage-export alike — has one diff format.

## Deploy path: adapter per instance

There is no single deploy mechanism — each HA instance gets an adapter
behind a common interface (`import.sh`/eventual `deploy.sh <instance>`):

| Instance | Adapter | Why |
|---|---|---|
| `ken` (RPi4, HAOS, LAN `192.168.31.7:8123`) | **api** | Canonical home instance since the 2026-07-22 cutover (see Incident log). HAOS has no SSH access, so there is no `docker exec`/filesystem path — only the HA REST/websocket API is reachable. Full `/config` import is deferred until an alternative access path exists; for now the api adapter's import scope is limited to what the API exposes: automations, scripts, scenes, dashboards. |
| `ken-legacy` (piha, container `homeassistant5`) | **docker-exec over SSH** (archive-only) | Pre-migration container instance, superseded by `ken` at 31.7 (see Incident log) — same container filesystem access as the old `ken` entry (`ssh oskar@piha "docker exec homeassistant5 ..."`). Import only, for historical reference; never a deploy target. |
| `chelsty-ha` | **api** | Reachable over Tailscale at `100.70.180.90:8123` (confirmed working path — `services/ha-diag-agent/DEPLOY.md` already curls this for health checks). Config-as-code deploy will reuse the same reachability, calling the HA REST/websocket API rather than shelling into the container. |

**Open**: a `file` adapter (direct bind-mount / SSH `rsync` to the config
directory, bypassing `docker exec`) is worth revisiting once SSH access to
the `chelsty-ha` VM itself is verified — see Open questions.

## Sync model: bidirectional, asymmetric safety

- **Deploy** (repo → instance): hard **drift-abort**. Before writing, the
  adapter re-imports the instance's current state and diffs it against the
  last-known-imported snapshot committed in the repo. Any unexpected
  difference aborts the deploy with a non-zero exit and a diff printed —
  never silently overwrites live drift. This applies unconditionally on
  PIHA (`ken`); untested/undecided whether it should be relaxed for
  `chelsty-ha` given its intermittent LTE uplink (see Open questions).
- **Import** (instance → repo): the reverse direction is intentionally
  permissive. Running `import.sh <instance>` on a dev workstation pulls
  current state and, if it differs from the last commit, the operator
  commits it under a conventional message: `drift(<instance>): <summary>`.
  This is how out-of-band UI changes (made directly in the HA web UI) get
  captured back into git history instead of being silently overwritten by
  the next deploy.

## Validation gate

`check_config` (HA's built-in config validator, invoked via the running
container/instance — `docker exec homeassistant5 python -m homeassistant
--script check_config -c /config` or the equivalent over the api adapter)
is a mandatory gate before any deploy. A failing `check_config` blocks the
deploy entirely; it is not a warning.

## Change classification: reload vs. restart

Deploys default to the least disruptive mechanism:

- **reload** — default for anything HA exposes a reload service for
  (automations, scripts, scenes, input_* helpers, template entities, etc.)
  via `homeassistant.reload_config_entry` / domain-specific `*.reload`
  services.
- **restart** — only when the changed file requires it (e.g.
  `configuration.yaml` core changes, new integrations, `.storage`
  registry edits) **and** only when the deploy is invoked with an explicit
  `--restart` flag. No implicit restarts, ever — an unattended restart on
  `chelsty-ha` during a period of LTE unavailability would leave the site
  without automation until someone is physically present.

## Split + normalization

On import, list-of-object YAML files are split one-object-per-file so diffs
stay scoped to what actually changed:

- `automations.yaml` → `config/<instance>/automations/<id>.yaml`
- `scripts.yaml` → `config/<instance>/scripts/<key>.yaml`
- `scenes.yaml` → `config/<instance>/scenes/<id>.yaml`

Every other `*.yaml` file under `/config` is copied through the normalizer
1:1 (same relative path, same filename). Non-YAML files under `/config`
(binaries, databases, `secrets.yaml`, logs — see `.gitignore`) are never
copied into the repo.

## Tokens

- A dedicated `deploy_agent` HA user account (admin rights, **local-only**
  — never exposed through the public API/ingress) is created per instance,
  mirroring the existing `diag_agent` account pattern documented in
  `services/ha-diag-agent/DEPLOY.md`. Reusing `diag_agent` is explicitly
  rejected — deploy tooling and the diagnostic agent must be revocable
  independently.
- Long-lived access tokens for `deploy_agent` live at
  `~/.config/ha-deploy/<instance>.token` **on PIHA** (the control node
  where import/deploy tooling runs), `chmod 600`.
- Tokens are never committed to the repo, never templated into
  `env.example`-style files, and never logged. Import scripts that need a
  token to hit `/api/states` fail soft (skip the fixtures step with a
  message) if the token file is absent, rather than aborting the whole
  import — see `scripts/ha/import.sh`.

## Interface

- Phase 0/1: Claude Code is the interface, with the operator's mobile CC
  client acting as the bridge for approvals made away from a desk.
- Phase 3 (agents): Telegram joins CC as a first-class interface, reusing
  the existing Telegram bot / approval-queue pattern from
  `services/control-plane/`.

## Incident log

### 2026-07-22 — two HA instances controlling the house in parallel

**Symptom**: automations firing twice from a single physical trigger — e.g.
`turn_on_led_nad_blatem_1` firing the same day from the same button press,
`mirror_on` at 04:30 and `gniazdka_w_lazience_on` at 05:00 all firing on
both instances.

**How detected**: comparing `last_triggered` from `restore_state` across the
two instances showed identical automation IDs firing at the same times on
both — the container on piha (`homeassistant5`, HA 2026.4.3, location_name
`KEN`, mounted at `/home/pi/homeassistant/config`) never actually stopped
running after the migration to the RPi4/HAOS instance at 192.168.31.7; it
stayed alive and MQTT-connected, so both were independently reacting to the
same physical events.

**Root cause**: `instances.yaml` had `ken` pointed at the piha container —
that was the pre-migration instance, not the real one. The actual home
instance had already moved to Home Assistant OS on a dedicated RPi4
(192.168.31.7:8123, ingress `ha.kapala.org` via NPM, confirmed HAOS via
observer :4357, HACS installed, 118 automations), but the repo never
followed the move.

**Decision**: 192.168.31.7 (HAOS/RPi4) is canonical `ken`. The piha
container is renamed `ken-legacy` in `instances.yaml`, `status: archived`.
Plan: archival import for historical reference → `docker stop` (not `rm`)
→ one week of observation → decide on `docker rm`. See `docs/backlog.md`
for the ha-diag-agent re-pointing and wind-down follow-ups this incident
generated.

## Open questions

- What actually drives the phase-3 operational agent (a new agent process
  vs. extending an existing one in `services/`)?
- Own minimal MCP server vs. adopting `hass-mcp` for phase 2 read-only
  access — tradeoffs not yet evaluated.
- Whether SSH access to `chelsty-ha` itself (not just its HA API) is
  available/reliable enough to justify a `file` adapter there, which would
  let phase-1 tooling treat `chelsty-ha` more like `ken` for drift-checking
  purposes.